The lower current accompanying the high voltage transmission allows for the use of thinner lighter-weight cables. The use of Taser stun guns by police and England and Wales reached a record high last year, Home Office figures show. This means that if you own a stun gun or a taser, you cannot use it to harm someone else in anger or for no reason. Typical Voltage Range In general, consumer-grade Tasers, often used for personal self-defense, can have an output voltage ranging from around 50,000 to 300,000 volts. You will also find yourself on the wrong side of the law for any use of a taser or. This PDF manual covers the features, functions, safety, and maintenance of these powerful self-defense tools. Think about that. A taser can shoot a target from up to 15 feet away, as opposed to a stun gun. Any background check showing felonies, violent crimes or sex related offenses in the past 10 years, and misdemeanors involving violent crimes or sex related offenses in the past 5 years, will result in an. 00 300,000 Volts 6. the lower-right portion the CID. Stay informed and protect yourself today. Vipertek Stun Gun Vts-t03 Blue 500 BV Metal Rechargeable LED. (69) $10. 95. Attach the other end of the wire to the switch. 4 The impact of the Taser on how officers feel about doing their job 76 5. The new Cell Phone Stun Gun delivers the highest takedown power of any smart phone on the market. When we first started selling stun guns back in 2000, the highest voltage stun gun at the time was a whopping 300,000 volts. You don’t need hundreds of thousands or millions of volts. Cite. offer of TASER® training to all suitable2 frontline officers in the force by 2020. Conventional stun guns have a fairly simple design. To perform a function test: Point the energy weapon in a safe direction. 1 million volt rechargeable striking stun baton with 4 spiked contact points and stun strips!About this item. Stun guns generate a high-voltage, low-amperage electrical charge. $25 at Amazon. Taser Pulse Self-Defense Tool – (2) Cartridges, (1) Conductive Target, Black, Medium (39066) Optimized self-defense range: 15. The higher voltage makes it more effective in discharging electricity, while the higher amps make it more effective in terms of current flow. 5” wide x 1" thick. Level 2 chargers cost $500 to $2,000, depending on brand, power rating, and installation. If you've ever shopped for stun guns, you know that many companies make extremely high voltage claims - up to 100 million volts. Meet TASER 10, our most sophisticated, accurate and effective TASER energy weapon to date. If you're caught with a taser or stun gun it will be treated like any other weapon. Rechargeable flashlight 95M stun gun made of military grade aluminum!Source of the 15,000 figure: Geoffrey P. TASER guns are just one of the dozens of personal security solutions offered by the well-respected brand. Deep finger indentations along the handle are molded to fit your fingers and provide an ergonomically firm grip on the device. STUN GUNS AND THE VOLTAGE MYTH WARNING: Don’t purchase a stun gun before reading the shocking truth. 3. Any claimed voltage greater violates the laws of physics. Michael Cao, M. 99. However, most stun guns on the market are only 1 to 2 milliamps. The term “taser” refers to the tick damage and stun of Electro-Charged reactions, which can last for an extended duration. However I’m meh about the ratings and it sounds like the 150 million one. Holster Features: Right and left handed versions available Device Compatibility: TASER 7 CQ Safariland i. This post is an interesting look at the situation. The M26 takes 8 AA batteries. Two cartridge types for Close Quarters and Stand-off situations, with dual laser including range adjusting lower laser. Cite. Best of the Best. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Taser 10. The TASER 7 CEW When we first started selling stun guns back in 2000, the highest voltage stun gun at the time was a whopping 300,000 volts. Taser use can result in injuries and has been implicated in a small number of deaths. It only takes one amp to kill a person. The signal you will see should be the same as the PHY side. Also, Standard nominal system voltages and voltagePolice 928 Stun Gun. A multiplier taser, which takes in DC power, consists of high-voltage capacitors, diodes, and a transformer. A taser can shoot a target from up to 15 feet away, as opposed to a stun gun. The Taser X2 electronic weapon is displayed for a photograph at the Taser International Inc. To put things into perspective, one amp will kill a person. This high voltage self defense stun gun is compact, but packs quite a shock. Stun guns need far less than millions of volts to create this level of µC. People with less muscle tissue. It's important to understand just how painful 50,000 volts at 60. The Taser X2 is one of the less-lethal conducted electrical weapon (CEW) models that is used by law enforcement agencies and by civilians as a use for self-defense. SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. Operating in this capacity ensures that the target receives a shock that essentially stuns the target for up to 15 minutes but leaves no lasting or permanent damage to the victim. Any electrical device used on a house wiring circuit can, under certain conditions, transmit a fatal current. ii TASER 7 and TASER 7 CQ Energ eapons User Manual Contents 15 Probe-Deployment Mode 16 Spark Duration. +. 99 VIPERTEK VTS-880 - Mini Stun Gun - Rechargeable with LED Flashlight, Pink. 3. 517 micro coulombs of charge, it won’t take the first place on the stun gun voltage chart, but it has more than sufficient power. While 50kV is a big number, this is measured an open circuit voltage, where the taser is not exposed to a load, or in other words being used on a targed. NIJ Less Lethal Technology Programs . Since this self-defense tool is high in voltage, it is required to use a holster to keep it retained and worn on the weak side to. Flashlight Type: LED. Most other common serial-USB chips (like the CH340 or FT232R) output TTL serial (at switchable voltage levels). 22 meters). TASER Pulse is an effective, less-lethal defense tool that can immobilize attackers for up to 30 seconds. Make sure that you push it all the way in. You need a combination of both height and volume of water. Stun gun may refer to: . — Weapon Description in Saints Row: The Third and Saints Row. Human does not touch these live wire at normal hand. Stun guns that shoot less are generally sacrificing. $479. Stun guns should have a minimum of 25,000 volts to be effective. A review of clinical experience with electronic weaponry is presented. Use of Taser delivers a 50,000 V charge to the victim and causes sudden contraction of skeletal muscle leading to incapacitation. When it comes to self-defense stun guns, women usually look out for compact sizes, concealability, and high voltage capacity. Legacy TASERs have always been 50,000-volt weapons. According to Mississippi Code § 97-37-1, a person must be at least 18 years old to own and possess a stun gun or Taser. Limitations of Stun Gun Circuit:Drive your 5V output into a chain of resistors, from which you tap your 3. Slovis. Note that a 2. 5V supply voltages, up to 20Mbps data rate, ±25V. Based on my experience trying this out, and the accurate results, I would recommend this to other consumers. 5 million volts, but does that really matter if we compare it to the 3. Customer Favorite. 9 million times in the field in 107 countries. Solder the end of a wire to one of the terminals on the capacitor. CMAJ 178(11), 1451–1457 (2008). Specifications for pulse rate and average main phase current are provided for two battery types, alkaline and Stun guns come in a wide variety of voltage levels. Raysun X-1, a multi-purpose handheld weapon. It’s a great self-defense tool that can help to stop an attacker or animal in their tracks. to sum up: at sea level given 100% humidity, the dielectric breakdown voltage of air is 10KV at 1 inch of. The X2 Defender, unlike previous CEWs, can shoot two cartridges and. 96 microcoulombs. 99. It is measured in microCoulombs. Guard Dog Security Stun Gun Flashlight - Maximum Voltage - 280 Lumens - 3 Light Functions – Rechargeable Battery - Wrist Strap. The innovative Streetwise™ Sting Ring is the ultimate concealable self-defense ring. electronics is the answer. 99. Three taser circuits exist, multiplier, spark gap, and thyristor. Safety Benefits of Tasers for Police Officers Non-lethal. Lawmakers in Michigan are still attempting to make regular stun guns legal. TASER X26P. Stun guns are designed to be used in close proximity to the target, and they require direct contact with the skin to be effective. On the left of the grounded, energized object, there is a voltage difference between the person's 2 feet, referred to as a step potential. For example, when working on 600 V switchgear and. That may sound like a lot , but keep in mind that voltage alone doesn’t necessarily make something dangerous- amperage plays just as big of a role. The same procedure applies for other two stages and finally a voltage equal to 10 times the input voltage is obtained at point 5. Get the truth. — Axon recently announced the release of TASER 10, marking the unveiling of its first product following their announcement of a "moonshot" goal to help cut gun-related deaths between police and the public by 50% in the next decade. On a non-ELI5 level, power is equal to voltage x current. Joe Cecconi . 8V . It has 4. 3 out of 5 stars 519 1 offer from $59. Blade-Tech #NP960 Blade-tech Taser X2 Holster with Tek Lok Attachment. 0 will have updated blue LED indications for log sync errors. Stun Gun Applications: It can be used for security purpose for individuals from intruders. *SALES PROHIBITED TO: Hawaii and Rhode Island. The internal resistance between the ears is only 100 ohms, while it is around 500 ohms when measured from finger to toe. After learning that over 18,000 Americans have died in a single year due to assault, having an effective self-defense tool is vital. Numerous studies have reported that TASER ECW use results in fewer and less severe injuries to subjects and officers than many other use-of-force tools and tactics. a. Human body safety voltage. ⚡ POWERFUL STUN: Personal defense matters. The taser has a voltage of 50,000 and an amp of 5. 03 seconds). Known as a conducted energy weapon (CEW), the taser shoots two small darts connected to the device with thin wires that can deliver up to 50,000 volts of electric shock to a person’s nervous system. SALES RESTRICTED TO: (These states require a concealed carry permit) Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, New Mexico, West Virginia and. Discussion. 072 uC), and the ZAP stick (1. Live cartridges are identifiable by their black blast doors. Tests made at 250 Ohms are considered authentic in showing the correct operation of the device. $2599. 3). Caution is advised, as focusing on one. Kwik Force® Flashfire Rechargeable Stun Gun Flashlight. With a maximum range of 45 feet, TASER 10 creates more time and space to de-escalate and resolve conflicts. If you are looking for a taser you can. Taser® Strikelight 2 (#2nd Best Choice) 3. New York is in the process of attempting to pass a bill to regulate stun guns. TASER 7 CQ. Add to cart. Color: Black. (Source: National Institute of Justice). The Taser is a development of the stun gun. It uses two probes that are shot out of the gun to deliver an electrical shock. Cartridges contain a primer, probes, serialized tags, and conductive wires. Each NiMH rechargeable has a voltage of 1. It prioritizes AoE elemental attacks that can efficiently proc the transformative reaction, Electro-Charged (Hydro+Electro). Entry-level stun guns are one of the most affordable self-defense weapons you can own. Tasers and stun guns are high-voltage, low-current stimulators that can cause involuntary muscle contractions and sensory responses, such as various degrees of pain and the feeling of exhaustion. The electrodes are fixed in stun guns but are shot out as darts from tasers. Essam Shaalan 20We stock the largest collection of tasers, stun guns, and self defense products for women. Every time a TASER ® X26 is used, only its highest use is recorded. 4 out of 5 stars 208. Maximum electric field (E max) refers to the potential electric energy that can occupy a physical space. TASER handheld CEWs deliver only a fraction of the 50,000 V when deployed and activated. The voltage causes every muscle in your body to contract and release repeatedly causing intense pain. According to experts: 30,000 is the maximum voltage that could jump across stun gun contacts spaced one centimeter apart. 10 cartridges featuring individually targeted probes. The stun gun has two prongs that deliver the shock when pressed against the target’s body. Three-quarters of. the same level of safety,” Taser. SELF-DEFENSE The TASER Pulse+ is the ideal self-defense device for beginners. 2) Switching. When given the chance, they tase a victim for either a short amount of time or to the point of incapacitation. Has a flashlight and targeting laser. This voltage gives indication of what level the capacitors needed to be in order to produce an electrical arc. 24 x 1. Despite the fact that tasers deliver a 50,000-volt jolt, it is thought that there is little risk of cardiac or heart problems, according to Dr. TASER 10 is the first key innovation unveiled by Axon following a recent announcement of a moonshot goal to cut gun-related deaths between police and the public by 50% in the next decade, the company says. 1999年、テーザー・インターナショナルは「神経筋無能力化特許（patented neuromuscular incapacitation、NMI）技術」を使用した「人間工学的な拳銃型の武器、Advanced TASER M-series systems」を開発した。. Compact Size: 2 x 7/8 x 4 inch. The dream of a reliable, less-lethal energy weapon starts here. Let it dump the current into a high value resistor. 74 reviews. The batteries supply electricity to a circuit consisting of various electrical components. The Taser fires two small darts, connected to wires, which drops a suspect at non-contact distance. This presents a challenge for LE agencies and officers to stay abreast of the latest directives from the courts and incorporate those rulings into use-of-force policies and training. 5 uC is enough to cause pain, and a charge of 1 uC is enough to cause the. Tasers are extremely painful. I agree that the device known as a stun gun shouldn’t be, as it fires no. Michael R. Axon Enterprise Inc. Battery Type: Internal Rechargeable Battery. Twelve-degree cartridges can be effective in engagement ranges as close as 4 feet (1. However, there are many varieties of tasers, so you can purchase tasers that are both much weaker and much stronger than 50,000 volts. Most Discreet: TERMINATOR SGCPM-89 Smartphone Stun Gun. Type of Taser Circuit. 00 Leatherette Curved Stun Gun Holster Stun guns use high voltage and low amperage to temporarily disable an attacker for several minutes. A Mace® Brand stun gun is typically less than $50, while a taser is close to $300 depending on the brand of choice. Because the body has a minimum resistance of around 550 ohms, to get enough current to do. +. These power supplies are overload protected so they are great for experimenting. 5 volt device is unable to produce sufficient voltage for a 5 volt device to interpret as a high. Follow edited Aug 14, 2019 at 16:33. However, this high voltage shouldn't be confused with lethality. If the voltage is 5v the you still have 4. ⚡ LIFETIME WARRANTY: The disguised stun gun is made by Streetwise Security Products, the leader in the stun device industry and comes with a lifetime warranty. For all intents and purposes, the pain. The only true measure of the stopping power of a stun gun is microcoulombs (μC). "The magnitude of the electric field for which dielectric breakdown. The Cattle Prod delivers from about 1,500 volts to 10,000 volts. The TASER 7 CEW uses two replaceable TASER 7 Cartridges containing compressed nitrogen to deploy two small probes that are attached to the TASER 7 CEW by insulated conductive wires. A current of 0. TASER: Price. A single-shot TASER Smart Weapon. The remainder of the taser history is irrelevant for the matter at hand. This item is shipped within 24 to 48 hours the same or next business day - via USPS Priority Mail 2-DAY™ Service (or 3-4 DAYS to some zip codes) with no signature required. $ 15. What you’re looking for is, at least, 25,000 volts. As the battery is used, internal degradation will cause the battery capacity to drop towards end of life levels, which is typically approximately 70-80% of its rated capacity according to industry standards. October 24, 2007 at 6:23 am. In other words, its like a step up transformer i. It can be used as protection from animals. The volts are responsible for delivering the amps. Prospective studies (including over 40k uses of force) find a 65% reduction in subject. Abstract. The higher voltage makes it more effective in discharging electricity, while the higher amps make it more effective in terms of current flow. but a high-voltage. Essam Shaalan 19 2 March 2015 Dr. They are about the size of a flashlight, and they work on ordinary 9-volt batteries. Keep in mind, the maximum voltage that can jump across two standard stun gun contact points is much less than the advertised amount on the average stun gun. 6 or 0. Add to cart. Check the micro coulomb (uC) rating when comparing devices. The. If you've ever shopped around for stun guns, you've seen plenty of extremely high voltage claims - possibly up to 100 million volts. Factors Influencing Taser Voltage. However, to prevent any serious injury to a target, a police taser’s cartridge is only capable of. Table 130. #6. ( 40 customer reviews) This fun toy gives a static shock of electricity concentrated on the point of contact. An electrical socket in your home has only 120 volts, but can have as much as 220 amps. This continuum generally has many levels, and officers are instructed to respond with a level of force appropriate to the situation at hand, acknowledging. However, if you are not very comfortable using a taser with that much voltage, there. A self defense stun gun delivers an electric shock to an attacker. TASER 7. JOLT Rechargeable 95M Police Stun Gun (Editor’s Choice) 2. This voltage is charging a capacitor. While the voltage is high, the current or amperage delivered is low, usually below 3 milliamperes. A taser is a single shot device that requires skill and accuracy to use. Sold out. 5/10. 99Tazapper (Tazzapper) $ 40. It wasn’t just a step up from the M-26, it was a giant leap in technology. Unlike tasers, a stun gun needs direct contact to deliver its voltage, leading to a different kind of shock. Login. And here’s the pattern indoors at around 8 feet…note that it’s rectangular in shape, but once you’re out to 15 feet, you won’t notice. Shop TASER products designed for personal and home use. Types of Tasers and Their Components. This decision attracted national attention and I was asked to repeat the evidential study across the country, leading to this report. Features. In July 2013, a Chicago police officer tased a pregnant woman three times – including once in the abdomen. When the TASER CAM HD battery is depleted, the CID will flash. 1 Any firearm capable of discharging a dart or other object carrying an electrical current or substance, including the firearm of the design commonly known as the Taser Public Defender and any variant or modified version of it. Vilke, M. In this article, we will take a closer look at the science behind tasers and answer the question of how many volts they contain. A Taser is a conducted energy device (CED) primarily used to incapacitate people, allowing them to be approached and handled in an unresisting and thus. The 50,000 volts of electricity released by the Taser affect both the sensory nervous system and motor nervous system, marking an improvement over its predecessors, Kehoe said. ITEM# 26050 - Black TASER® X26 Refurbished Law Enforcement Model PRICE: $599. Good prices. Humans have died at as low as 42 volts. Our POLICE 928 stun gun flashlight is convenient size: 6. Axon products are designed to maximize both the operating (discharge) time and the life-cycle (number of total discharge/charge cycles) of. 00. Cons. Under the wet condition, human get a dangerous shock which leads to coma-stage or death. Tasers do not deliver 50,000+ volt jolts continuously, they deliver a very powerful, very short duration jolt that is sufficient to cause an electric arc. The human body naturally creates its own form of electricity to transport nerve signals from. City of Brooklyn Center, AP. Taser, handheld device that incapacitates a person by transmitting a 50,000-volt electric shock. 5 trillion volts! The calculation is based on the following: The average “membrane potential” for a cell is 70 millivolts OR . Some users need a stun gun that doesn’t draw attention and is easily. Until then, stun guns and TASERs are still illegal. If you had very little water going over the edge, even with a large drop height it wouldn't kill you (i. You really don’t need. The Taser fires two small darts, connected to wires, which drops a suspect at non-contact distance. Introducing the TASER 10. BEST MULTIFUNCTION: Klein Tools NCVT-4IR Non-Contact Voltage. 21 EDT Last modified on Wed 20 Sep 2017 19. I heard tasers' voltage is advertised as open circuit voltage -- so a value of tens or. Even though tasers are non-lethal weapons, they may. The stopping power of a stun gun is often expressed in terms of voltage. A taser works by operating at a high voltage and low amperage of about 3-4 milliamps. 22: 25,000,000v: 0. An electrical current at 1,000 volts is no more deadly than a current at 100 volts. Vipertek VTS-989 Rechargeable LED Flashlight Taser - Black. Police Force 9. If you are charged with possession of a disguised firearm, you should always seek legal representation. Wait a moment and try again. Pushing out 14 Million volts at 4. PERSONAL PROTECTION YOU CAN TRUST: SABRE is the #1 pepper spray brand trusted by police & consumers & a leader in the personal safety category; The strength of SABRE stun guns are independently tested to ensure reliable protection when you need it mostMay 15, 2019. On the other hand regular stun guns can be priced as low as $9 and up to $80 depending on the size and power. The safety switch must be in the on position and the trigger button pressed before the unit will operate. 99 -50% $7. 4M project. Streetwise™ Pain Pen 6" Rechargeable Stun Gun Pen 25M - Pink. The first is called ‘probe mode’. This is because a taser works based off of a capacitor charging circuit, such as a cockroft walton. Add to cart. Below are the best stun guns on the market for 2023. Stun guns are interactive weapons that need direct contact with the subject to work efficiently. 5” LED Stun Gun Baton 12M. Range, Finger Grip for Better & Faster Aim, Painful 1. The impulse travels to muscles and causes short, sustained muscle contractions. Driver output : At high logic level, minimum (V OH) is 2. Theodore C. SABRE Pepper Spray & 2-in-1 Stun Gun with Flashlight, Self Defense Kit, 25 Bursts, 10 Ft. One of the major benefits of stun guns as self-defense weapons is their ease of use. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Sperry Instruments STK001 Non-Contact Voltage Tester. The level of voltage: Low voltage (less than 500 V) can cause pain, muscle spasms, and burns. 0. Length：225mm±3mm. It's designed to incapacitate the attacker, giving the user time to escape or call for help. 1) By changing voltage levels-depending on duly cycle it is proportional to D or (1/ (1-D)). While this sounds impressive, voltage measures the force of the electrical current, which does not indicate the pain induced to the target. 95. It causes intolerable pain to the person getting shocked. It is designed to be used in conjunction with an officer’s defensive tactics. Trusted by law enforcement, TASER Self-Defense makes non-lethal weapons that are safe to own, easy to carry. Editor's Note: So far, TASER guns in the hands of police have killed more than 270 people in the United States. (Most use 9-volt batteries, or a handful of AAs. In simple terms, this means that the charge has a lot of pressure behind it, but not that much intensity. Below is a list of popular stun gun models and their voltage: Taser Pulse – 50,000 volts; Vipertek VTS-989 – 58,000 volts; Sabre S-1005 – 1,000,000 volts; Guard Dog Security Hornet – 6,000,000 volts; It is essential to note that the voltage listed above does not necessarily mean that. Taser guns are powered with AA or Mignon batteries, the same type you use in most portable electronic devices like your remote control. The Anti-Felon ID tags stick to attacks which allows law enforcement to identify much easier. hundred volts to several kV. Other electroshock weapons such as stun guns, stun batons ("cattle. In short, no. When reading through the best Taser and stun gun reviews, look for the final voltage number first. 3–4 mA. In probe mode, the TASER ECW is aimed by a LASER sight that gives the. A subject with a very high tolerance to pain (e. The Guard Dog Stun Gun is safe, convenient, and powerful. A low voltage stun gun in the 100,000 to 399,000 volt range is more than adequate to disable and repel any attacker. This 15 billion max voltage heavy-duty stun gun by Police is super compact and can easily be tossed in a knapsack or strapped onto your belt with the included holster and carrying case. Not everyone will experience the same level of contractions the muscles make but it’ll hurt for everyone. 5. In general, you must be 18 years or older to buy a stun gun. This item includes (1) TASER Pulse+, (2) replaceable cartridges, (2) easy-to-replace CR123A batteries, and (1) conductive target. This analysis of more than 600 Taser incidents in a six-month period in 2010 found a third of people tasered by police were believed to be suffering from mental health issues. D. These charges are not lethal but they will put a hurting on an unruly person. Taser Pulse Self-Defense Tool – (2) Cartridges, (1) Conductive Target, Black, Medium (39066). voltage levels typical of the M26. Most home electrical injuries and burns happen in children and teens. The inactive (near zero voltage) idle amperage of my theater light at 20 amps numbed my arm for over an hour. D. What’s included. A shorter waterfall would be equivalent to a smaller voltage. ” This finding is not. But Rick Smith, the cocreator of the Taser and now CEO of the $10 billion market cap nonlethal weapon’s manufacturer, Axon, believes his company will make an electric stun gun that will make the. Vipertek VTS-989 Heavy Duty Stun Gun is our pick for the best stun gun. Previous generations of stun guns primarily affected the sensory nerves only, resulting in pain compliance. Save $179. Effects of cocaine intoxication on the threshold for stun gun induction of ventricular fibrillation. I am confident that this stun gun will aide me with my desired level of protection. This decision attracted national attention and I was asked to repeat the evidential study across the country, leading to this report. List of popular stun gun models and their voltage. e. Handheld conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) have been used 3. Disabler - Compact Stun Gun Flashlight with Disable Pin. Most TASER guns on eBay will deliver about 50,000 volts of electric shock. 12 to a fine of not more than $7,500 and a sentence of imprisonment at level V not to exceed 18 months. A Stun Gun works the same way. The circuitry includes multiple transformers, components that boost the voltage in the circuit. All TASER 7 Cartridges have a wire length of 25 feet (7. The taser is one of the most popular stun guns on the market. 3k resistor should produce a 3V output from an applied 5V input. In reality most 50kV tasers don’t produce 50kV when tazing someone. The only less-lethal device that can incapacitate an attacker. The standard taser models used by police departments are the M26 and X26. The amount of voltage generated by the static shock varies on the method used to obtain the static shock and the materials used. Our comprehensive guide explores the regulations and restrictions surrounding these non-lethal weapons. “There’s a minimally elevated risk for people with. The electrical current disrupts the body’s nervous system, causing muscle spasms and an intense feeling of pain.